ABSTRACT
As a post-Covid-19 pandemic, many things came up with new requirements because of frequent lockdowns and social distancing constraints. Hence, many pharmaceutical industries and manufacturing units are looking for automated solutions. In the era of Industry 5.0, non-conventional machining processes are on the verge of Industry 6.0 with inclusion of artificial intelligence, deep learning and automated processes for additive or subtractive machining requirements. Non-conventional machining is in practice worldwide;however, it is required to support these kinds of manufacturing processes with remote automation, monitoring and auto-fault clearance methods. Pharmaceutical, chemical and hazardous plant handling is one of the major problems in industries throughout the world. Hence, this paper presents the automated continuous monitoring system using artificial intelligence, which can be a human machine interfacing module with a strategy to clear leakage fault automatically. This paper also discusses the various implications in conventional and non-conventional machining processes and also suggests the next generation hybrid machining system as a future scope of the research. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results is the property of ResearchTrentz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
In addition to revealing the cracks in global health care, emergency preparedness, and response systems, COVID-19 also exposed the lack of capacity to run chemical plants safely under such conditions. On 7th May 2020, self-polymerization runaway reaction from an atmospheric storage tank in a polymer facility triggered the release of styrene to the atmosphere, resulting in 12 fatalities and hospitalization of more than 1000 individuals. A similar incident had happened 35 years back at Bhopal involving the release of methyl isocyanate resulting in one of the deadliest process safety incidents to date. Therefore, it is very important to understand the causal factors so that such high-risk incidents can be prevented in future. This paper presents a comprehensive investigative study of styrene gas leak at Vizag with special emphasis on probabilistic risk analysis of the loss of containment. Hazard perception study was performed to understand the possible hazardous scenarios in bulk styrene storage facilities for preventing such catastrophic recurrences. Energy barrier analysis was performed to study the inadequacy of pro-active and reactive barriers with respect to the accident case study. The analysis also considers the escalation factors resulting from extremities of COVID-19 lockdown. The self-polymerization reaction that resulted in toxic styrene dispersion was preventable owing to the advancements in safety engineering and loss prevention since Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984). Based on the investigative analysis, it can be pointed out that this accident would have occurred even in the absence of COVID-19 restrictions, mainly due to negligence and complacency shown towards safety by the company's management. © 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers